Heavy Lathe Machine

1. Clearly define processing requirements - the starting point for selection

This is the most crucial first step and you must first "digitize" your own requirements:

● Workpiece dimensions: maximum turning diameter, maximum workpiece length, maximum workpiece weight

● Processing type: Is it mainly rough processing or fine processing? Is heavy cutting required?

● Precision requirements: Fine processing at IT6-IT7, or rough processing at IT8-IT10?

● Batch size: Small batch customization or large-scale assembly line production?

● Workpiece material: Carbon steel, alloy steel, cast iron or stainless steel? Different materials have different power and tool requirements.

Suggestion: Form a written list of the actual maximum three-dimensional dimensions and weight of the workpiece, and compare it with the equipment parameters one by one. Leave a 20% to 30% margin of error.

2 The turning diameter of the bed is 1000 mm or more.

This is the parameter that directly determines "how large a workpiece can be processed". During the selection process, the diameter of the workpiece should be less than 65% to 75% of the bed's rotational diameter, leaving sufficient space for the operation and clamping of the tool holder.

3. Main motor power is over 37kW

Power determines the upper limit of cutting capacity. The main motor power of heavy-duty ordinary lathes usually ranges from 15kW to 55kW:

| Above 37kW | Ultra-heavy processing, large module gears, deep hole boring |

Insufficient power will result in: reduced feed speed, accelerated tool wear, poor surface quality of the workpiece, and even damage to the machine body.

4. heavy lathe machine Bed width and rail hardness

The width of the bed directly determines the rigidity of the machine tool. The width of the guide rails of heavy-duty lathes is usually between 550mm and 800mm, which is 40% to 100% wider than that of ordinary lathes (400mm).

● The greater the guide rail width → the stronger the rigidity, and the better the bending and torsion resistance ability • The hardness of the guide rail: After medium-frequency or ultra-high-frequency quenching treatment, the hardness should reach HRC 52 to HRC 55 • Process requirements: The guide rail surface needs to be treated by precision grinding, and the surface roughness Ra should be below 0.8

A good heat treatment process for the guide rails is the soul of heavy-duty lathes. The combination of ultra-high-frequency quenching + precision grinding can enable the guide rails to maintain accuracy for a long time and significantly reduce the maintenance cost in the later stage.

5 Five key indicators of the main shaft system

The spindle is the "heart" of a lathe and requires careful examination of the following four aspects:

① The diameter of the spindle's through hole determines the maximum diameter of the workpiece that can be clamped. Heavy-duty lathes typically have diameters ranging from Φ80mm to Φ160mm, and ultra-heavy-duty models can reach over 200mm.

② The speed range of the spindle

● Low-speed section (0.5 - 10 r/min): rough machining of large-diameter workpieces • High-speed section (150 - 200 r/min and above): fine machining • A wider speed range enables more suitable processes

③ The support and bearings of the spindle. High-precision bearing assemblies (such as double-row short cylindrical roller bearings) should be selected. The spindle has small runout error, stable operation, and low noise. Some high-end models adopt a three-point support and four-bearings design, providing higher rigidity.

④ The spindle end code. Common series include A1 and A2. They need to be consistent with the clamps, centers, and top sleeves and other accessories.

6 Feed System and Spindle of heavy lathe machine

● Feed rate: Are the speed settings for longitudinal and lateral feed sufficient to meet the requirements of different cutting processes?

● Ball screw specification: A large-diameter ball screw (with a diameter of 80-100mm) has higher transmission efficiency and more stable accuracy compared to a trapezoidal screw.

● Rapid traverse mechanism: The rapid traverse function of the slide can significantly improve the efficiency of non-cutting time, and is an important indicator to distinguish mid-range and low-end models.

7 Tool Holder System

● Tool post section: The section of the tool post for heavy-duty lathes is usually 25×25mm or larger.
● Tool rest type: Square tool rest or hexagonal tool rest, whether tool changing is convenient and time-saving • Repeatability positioning accuracy: Affects the dimensional consistency and processing efficiency of multi-tool processing • Small tool rest stroke: Determines the depth of face processing

8 Processing Precision Indicators

When making a purchase, it is necessary to request the manufacturer to provide an inspection report on the factory accuracy. The key points to focus on are:

| Accuracy Item | Explanation | Heavy-duty Lathe Reference Value | | ----- | ------- | -------------------- |

| Roundness | Main shaft rotational accuracy | ≤ 0.005 mm |

| Cylindricity | Longitudinal cutting accuracy | ≤ 0.01 - 0.02 mm/100mm |

| Surface roughness | Finish machining achievable | Ra 0.8 - Ra 1.6 |

| Dimension accuracy | IT6 - IT9 | Depending on the specific model |

When heavy machine tools with insufficient accuracy are subjected to intense cutting, problems such as changing the cutting tool and vibration of the tool may occur, seriously affecting the processing quality.

Anyang XS small turning lathe design and produce according to the ISO 9001, ISO14001, we also owned the CE, UL certifications.

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